Hi!
In the manual, there are the chapters "Mathematical Model Formulation" and "Numerical Schemes", which are dedicated to framing the numerical setting. Clearly, those chapters cannot go into the nuts and bolts of the algorithms. The finite-element implementations are quite "classic" in the sense that domain experts will understand most aspects quickly.
On the other hand, the parallelization is rather customized to the simulator and is probably the hardest part to understand form the source code. Parallelization is chronically under-documented in every piece of software I have seen, and openCARP is no different unfortunately.
Linear solvers and preconditioners are not implemented in openCARP. Instead, those provided through PETSc are used (ILU-PCG and Hypre AMG-PCG).
All the best, Aurel